home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
-
-
-
- Network Working Group J. Case
- Request for Comments: 1441 SNMP Research, Inc.
- K. McCloghrie
- Hughes LAN Systems
- M. Rose
- Dover Beach Consulting, Inc.
- S. Waldbusser
- Carnegie Mellon University
- April 1993
-
-
- Introduction to version 2 of the
- Internet-standard Network Management Framework
-
-
- Status of this Memo
-
- This RFC specifes an IAB standards track protocol for the
- Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions
- for improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the
- "IAB Official Protocol Standards" for the standardization
- state and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo
- is unlimited.
-
-
- Table of Contents
-
-
- 1 Introduction .......................................... 2
- 2 Components of the SNMPv2 Framework .................... 3
- 2.1 Structure of Management Information ................. 3
- 2.2 Textual Conventions ................................. 4
- 2.3 Protocol Operations ................................. 4
- 2.4 Transport Mappings .................................. 4
- 2.5 Protocol Instrumentation ............................ 5
- 2.6 Administrative Framework ............................ 5
- 2.7 Conformance Statements .............................. 5
- 3 Acknowledgements ...................................... 7
- 4 References ............................................ 11
- 5 Security Considerations ............................... 13
- 6 Authors' Addresses .................................... 13
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Case, McCloghrie, Rose & Waldbusser [Page 1]
-
-
-
-
-
- RFC 1441 Introduction to SNMPv2 April 1993
-
-
- 1. Introduction
-
- The purpose of this document is to provide an overview of
- version 2 of the Internet-standard Network Management
- Framework, termed the SNMP version 2 framework (SNMPv2). This
- framework is derived from the original Internet-standard
- Network Management Framework (SNMPv1), which consists of these
- three documents:
-
- RFC 1155 [1] which defines the Structure of Management
- Information (SMI), the mechanisms used for describing and
- naming objects for the purpose of management.
-
- RFC 1212 [2] which defines a more concise description
- mechanism, which is wholly consistent with the SMI.
-
- RFC 1157 [3] which defines the Simple Network Management
- Protocol (SNMP), the protocol used for network access to
- managed objects.
-
- For information on coexistence between SNMPv1 and SNMPv2,
- consult [4].
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Case, McCloghrie, Rose & Waldbusser [Page 2]
-
-
-
-
-
- RFC 1441 Introduction to SNMPv2 April 1993
-
-
- 2. Components of the SNMPv2 Framework
-
- A network management system contains: several (potentially
- many) nodes, each with a processing entity, termed an agent,
- which has access to management instrumentation; at least one
- management station; and, a management protocol, used to convey
- management information between the agents and management
- stations. Operations of the protocol are carried out under an
- administrative framework which defines both authentication and
- authorization policies.
-
- Network management stations execute management applications
- which monitor and control network elements. Network elements
- are devices such as hosts, routers, terminal servers, etc.,
- which are monitored and controlled through access to their
- management information.
-
-
- 2.1. Structure of Management Information
-
- Management information is viewed as a collection of managed
- objects, residing in a virtual information store, termed the
- Management Information Base (MIB). Collections of related
- objects are defined in MIB modules. These modules are written
- using a subset of OSI's Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1)
- [5]. It is the purpose of the Structure of Management
- Information for SNMPv2 document [6] to define that subset.
-
- The SMI is divided into three parts: module definitions,
- object definitions, and, trap definitions.
-
- (1) Module definitions are used when describing information
- modules. An ASN.1 macro, MODULE-IDENTITY, is used to
- concisely convey the semantics of an information module.
-
- (2) Object definitions are used when describing managed
- objects. An ASN.1 macro, OBJECT-TYPE, is used to
- concisely convey the syntax and semantics of a managed
- object.
-
- (3) Notification definitions are used when describing
- unsolicited transmissions of management information. An
- ASN.1 macro, NOTIFICATION-TYPE, is used to concisely
- convey the syntax and semantics of a notification.
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Case, McCloghrie, Rose & Waldbusser [Page 3]
-
-
-
-
-
- RFC 1441 Introduction to SNMPv2 April 1993
-
-
- 2.2. Textual Conventions
-
- When designing a MIB module, it is often useful to new define
- types similar to those defined in the SMI. In comparison to a
- type defined in the SMI, each of these new types has a
- different name, a similar syntax, but a more precise
- semantics. These newly defined types are termed textual
- conventions, and are used for the convenience of humans
- reading the MIB module. It is the purpose of the Textual
- Conventions for SNMPv2 document [7] to define the initial set
- of textual conventions available to all MIB modules.
-
- Objects defined using a textual convention are always encoded
- by means of the rules that define their primitive type.
- However, textual conventions often have special semantics
- associated with them. As such, an ASN.1 macro, TEXTUAL-
- CONVENTION, is used to concisely convey the syntax and
- semantics of a textual convention.
-
-
- 2.3. Protocol Operations
-
- The management protocol provides for the exchange of messages
- which convey management information between the agents and the
- management stations. The form of these messages is a message
- "wrapper" which encapsulates a Protocol Data Unit (PDU). The
- form and meaning of the "wrapper" is determined by an
- administrative framework which defines both authentication and
- authorization policies.
-
- It is the purpose of the Protocol Operations for SNMPv2
- document [8] to define the operations of the protocol with
- respect to the sending and receiving of the PDUs.
-
-
- 2.4. Transport Mappings
-
- The management protocol, version 2 of the Simple Network
- Management Protocol, may be used over a variety of protocol
- suites. It is the purpose of the Transport Mappings for
- SNMPv2 document [9] to define how the SNMPv2 maps onto an
- initial set of transport domains. Other mappings may be
- defined in the future.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Case, McCloghrie, Rose & Waldbusser [Page 4]
-
-
-
-
-
- RFC 1441 Introduction to SNMPv2 April 1993
-
-
- Although several mappings are defined, the mapping onto UDP is
- the preferred mapping. As such, to provide for the greatest
- level of interoperability, systems which choose to deploy
- other mappings should also provide for proxy service to the
- UDP mapping.
-
-
- 2.5. Protocol Instrumentation
-
- It is the purpose of the Management Information Base for
- SNMPv2 document [10] to define managed objects which describe
- the behavior of a SNMPv2 entity. The Manager-to-Manager MIB
- document [11] defines an initial set of managed objects which
- describe the behavior of a SNMPv2 entity which acts in a
- manager role. It is expected that extensions to this MIB will
- be defined in the future.
-
-
- 2.6. Administrative Framework
-
- It is the purpose of the Administrative Model for SNMPv2
- document [12] to define the behavior of a SNMPv2 party - a
- conceptual, virtual execution context whose operation is
- restricted (for security or other purposes) to an
- administratively defined subset of all possible operations of
- a particular SNMPv2 entity.
-
- Associated with each SNMPv2 party is a single authentication
- protocol and a single privacy protocol. It is the purpose of
- the Security Protocols for SNMPv2 document [13] to define
- those protocols.
-
- The Party MIB for SNMPv2 document [14] defines managed objects
- which correspond to the properties associated with a SNMPv2
- party.
-
-
- 2.7. Conformance Statements
-
- It may be useful to define the acceptable lower-bounds of
- implementation, along with the actual level of implementation
- achieved. It is the purpose of the Conformance Statements for
- SNMPv2 document [15] to define the notation used for these
- purposes. There are two kinds of notations:
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Case, McCloghrie, Rose & Waldbusser [Page 5]
-
-
-
-
-
- RFC 1441 Introduction to SNMPv2 April 1993
-
-
- (1) Compliance statements are used when describing
- requirements for agents with respect to object
- definitions. An ASN.1 macro, MODULE-COMPLIANCE, is used
- to concisely convey such requirements.
-
- (2) Capability statements are used when describing
- capabilities of agents with respect to object
- definitions. An ASN.1 macro, AGENT-CAPABILITIES, is used
- to concisely convey such capabilities.
-
- Finally, collections of related objects are grouped together
- to form a unit of conformance. An ASN.1 macro, OBJECT-GROUP,
- is used to concisely convey the syntax and semantics of a
- group.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Case, McCloghrie, Rose & Waldbusser [Page 6]
-
-
-
-
-
- RFC 1441 Introduction to SNMPv2 April 1993
-
-
- 3. Acknowledgements
-
- The SNMPv2 framework is based on the outstanding technical
- direction pioneered by the original authors of the SGMP: James
- R. (Chuck) Davin, of the MIT Laboratory for Computer Science,
- Mark S. Fedor, of Performance Systems International, Inc.,
- Martin L. Schoffstall, also of PSI, and Jeffrey D. Case.
-
- Since the invention of the SGMP in 1987, many individuals have
- devoted much energy toward creating the unprecedented success
- of the Internet-standard Network Management Framework. As
- such, the list of people worthy of acknowledgement is too
- great to enumerate here.
-
- However, in retrospect, it seems clear that the concepts in
- the original architecture, as envisioned by Chuck Davin, have
- provided the basis for the success of the current framework.
- We hope that the SNMPv2 framework will be able to successfully
- build on this work.
-
- Finally, the comments of the SNMP version 2 working group are
- gratefully acknowledged:
-
- Beth Adams, Network Management Forum
- Steve Alexander, INTERACTIVE Systems Corporation
- David Arneson, Cabletron Systems
- Toshiya Asaba
- Fred Baker, ACC
- Jim Barnes, Xylogics, Inc.
- Brian Bataille
- Andy Bierman, SynOptics Communications, Inc.
- Uri Blumenthal, IBM Corporation
- Fred Bohle, Interlink
- Jack Brown
- Theodore Brunner, Bellcore
- Stephen F. Bush, GE Information Services
- Jeffrey D. Case, University of Tennessee, Knoxville
- John Chang, IBM Corporation
- Szusin Chen, Sun Microsystems
- Robert Ching
- Chris Chiotasso, Ungermann-Bass
- Bobby A. Clay, NASA/Boeing
- John Cooke, Chipcom
- Tracy Cox, Bellcore
- Juan Cruz, Datability, Inc.
-
-
-
-
-
- Case, McCloghrie, Rose & Waldbusser [Page 7]
-
-
-
-
-
- RFC 1441 Introduction to SNMPv2 April 1993
-
-
- David Cullerot, Cabletron Systems
- Cathy Cunningham, Microcom
- James R. (Chuck) Davin, Bellcore
- Michael Davis, Clearpoint
- Mike Davison, FiberCom
- Cynthia DellaTorre, MITRE
- Taso N. Devetzis, Bellcore
- Manual Diaz, DAVID Systems, Inc.
- Jon Dreyer, Sun Microsystems
- David Engel, Optical Data Systems
- Mike Erlinger, Lexcel
- Roger Fajman, NIH
- Daniel Fauvarque, Sun Microsystems
- Karen Frisa, CMU
- Shari Galitzer, MITRE
- Shawn Gallagher, Digital Equipment Corporation
- Richard Graveman, Bellcore
- Maria Greene, Xyplex, Inc.
- Michel Guittet, Apple
- Robert Gutierrez, NASA
- Bill Hagerty, Cabletron Systems
- Gary W. Haney, Martin Marietta Energy Systems
- Patrick Hanil, Nokia Telecommunications
- Matt Hecht, SNMP Research, Inc.
- Edward A. Heiner, Jr., Synernetics Inc.
- Susan E. Hicks, Martin Marietta Energy Systems
- Geral Holzhauer, Apple
- John Hopprich, DAVID Systems, Inc.
- Jeff Hughes, Hewlett-Packard
- Robin Iddon, Axon Networks, Inc.
- David Itusak
- Kevin M. Jackson, Concord Communications, Inc.
- Ole J. Jacobsen, Interop Company
- Ronald Jacoby, Silicon Graphics, Inc.
- Satish Joshi, SynOptics Communications, Inc.
- Frank Kastenholz, FTP Software
- Mark Kepke, Hewlett-Packard
- Ken Key, SNMP Research, Inc.
- Zbiginew Kielczewski, Eicon
- Jongyeoi Kim
- Andrew Knutsen, The Santa Cruz Operation
- Michael L. Kornegay, VisiSoft
- Deirdre C. Kostik, Bellcore
- Cheryl Krupczak, Georgia Tech
- Mark S. Lewis, Telebit
-
-
-
-
-
- Case, McCloghrie, Rose & Waldbusser [Page 8]
-
-
-
-
-
- RFC 1441 Introduction to SNMPv2 April 1993
-
-
- David Lin
- David Lindemulder, AT&T/NCR
- Ben Lisowski, Sprint
- David Liu, Bell-Northern Research
- John Lunny, The Wollongong Group
- Robert C. Lushbaugh Martin, Marietta Energy Systems
- Michael Luufer, BBN
- Carl Madison, Star-Tek, Inc.
- Keith McCloghrie, Hughes LAN Systems
- Evan McGinnis, 3Com Corporation
- Bill McKenzie, IBM Corporation
- Donna McMaster, SynOptics Communications, Inc.
- John Medicke, IBM Corporation
- Doug Miller, Telebit
- Dave Minnich, FiberCom
- Mohammad Mirhakkak, MITRE
- Rohit Mital, Protools
- George Mouradian, AT&T Bell Labs
- Patrick Mullaney, Cabletron Systems
- Dan Myers, 3Com Corporation
- Rina Nathaniel, Rad Network Devices Ltd.
- Hien V. Nguyen, Sprint
- Mo Nikain
- Tom Nisbet
- William B. Norton, MERIT
- Steve Onishi, Wellfleet Communications, Inc.
- David T. Perkins, SynOptics Communications, Inc.
- Carl Powell, BBN
- Ilan Raab, SynOptics Communications, Inc.
- Richard Ramons, AT&T
- Venkat D. Rangan, Metric Network Systems, Inc.
- Louise Reingold, Sprint
- Sam Roberts, Farallon Computing, Inc.
- Kary Robertson, Concord Communications, Inc.
- Dan Romascanu, Lannet Data Communications Ltd.
- Marshall T. Rose, Dover Beach Consulting, Inc.
- Shawn A. Routhier, Epilogue Technology Corporation
- Chris Rozman
- Asaf Rubissa, Fibronics
- Jon Saperia, Digital Equipment Corporation
- Michael Sapich
- Mike Scanlon, Interlan
- Sam Schaen, MITRE
- John Seligson, Ultra Network Technologies
- Paul A. Serice, Corporation for Open Systems
-
-
-
-
-
- Case, McCloghrie, Rose & Waldbusser [Page 9]
-
-
-
-
-
- RFC 1441 Introduction to SNMPv2 April 1993
-
-
- Chris Shaw, Banyan Systems
- Timon Sloane
- Robert Snyder, Cisco Systems
- Joo Young Song
- Roy Spitier, Sprint
- Einar Stefferud, Network Management Associates
- John Stephens, Cayman Systems, Inc.
- Robert L. Stewart, Xyplex, Inc. (chair)
- Kaj Tesink, Bellcore
- Dean Throop, Data General
- Ahmet Tuncay, France Telecom-CNET
- Maurice Turcotte, Racal Datacom
- Warren Vik, INTERACTIVE Systems Corporation
- Yannis Viniotis
- Steven L. Waldbusser, Carnegie Mellon Universitty
- Timothy M. Walden, ACC
- Alice Wang, Sun Microsystems
- James Watt, Newbridge
- Luanne Waul, Timeplex
- Donald E. Westlake III, Digital Equipment Corporation
- Gerry White
- Bert Wijnen, IBM Corporation
- Peter Wilson, 3Com Corporation
- Steven Wong, Digital Equipment Corporation
- Randy Worzella, IBM Corporation
- Daniel Woycke, MITRE
- Honda Wu
- Jeff Yarnell, Protools
- Chris Young, Cabletron
- Kiho Yum, 3Com Corporation
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Case, McCloghrie, Rose & Waldbusser [Page 10]
-
-
-
-
-
- RFC 1441 Introduction to SNMPv2 April 1993
-
-
- 4. References
-
- [1] Rose, M., and McCloghrie, K., "Structure and
- Identification of Management Information for TCP/IP-based
- internets", STD 16, RFC 1155, May 1990.
-
- [2] Rose, M., and McCloghrie, K., "Concise MIB Definitions",
- STD 16, RFC 1212, March 1991.
-
- [3] Case, J., Fedor, M., Schoffstall, M., Davin, J., "Simple
- Network Management Protocol", STD 15, RFC 1157, SNMP
- Research, Performance Systems International, MIT
- Laboratory for Computer Science, May 1990.
-
- [4] Case, J., McCloghrie, K., Rose, M., and Waldbusser, S.,
- "Coexistence between version 1 and version 2 of the
- Internet-standard Network Management Framework", RFC
- 1452, SNMP Research, Inc., Hughes LAN Systems, Dover
- Beach Consulting, Inc., Carnegie Mellon University, April
- 1993.
-
- [5] Information processing systems - Open Systems
- Interconnection - Specification of Abstract Syntax
- Notation One (ASN.1), International Organization for
- Standardization. International Standard 8824, (December,
- 1987).
-
- [6] Case, J., McCloghrie, K., Rose, M., and Waldbusser, S.,
- "Structure of Management Information for version 2 of the
- Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMPv2)", RFC 1442,
- SNMP Research, Inc., Hughes LAN Systems, Dover Beach
- Consulting, Inc., Carnegie Mellon University, April 1993.
-
- [7] Case, J., McCloghrie, K., Rose, M., and Waldbusser, S.,
- "Textual Conventions for version 2 of the the Simple
- Network Management Protocol (SNMPv2)", RFC 1443, SNMP
- Research, Inc., Hughes LAN Systems, Dover Beach
- Consulting, Inc., Carnegie Mellon University, April 1993.
-
- [8] Case, J., McCloghrie, K., Rose, M., and Waldbusser, S.,
- "Protocol Operations for version 2 of the Simple Network
- Management Protocol (SNMPv2)", RFC 1448, SNMP Research,
- Inc., Hughes LAN Systems, Dover Beach Consulting, Inc.,
- Carnegie Mellon University, April 1993.
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Case, McCloghrie, Rose & Waldbusser [Page 11]
-
-
-
-
-
- RFC 1441 Introduction to SNMPv2 April 1993
-
-
- [9] Case, J., McCloghrie, K., Rose, M., and Waldbusser, S.,
- "Transport Mappings for version 2 of the Simple Network
- Management Protocol (SNMPv2)", RFC 1449, SNMP Research,
- Inc., Hughes LAN Systems, Dover Beach Consulting, Inc.,
- Carnegie Mellon University, April 1993.
-
- [10] Case, J., McCloghrie, K., Rose, M., and Waldbusser, S.,
- "Management Information Base for version 2 of the Simple
- Network Management Protocol (SNMPv2)", RFC 1450, SNMP
- Research, Inc., Hughes LAN Systems, Dover Beach
- Consulting, Inc., Carnegie Mellon University, April 1993.
-
- [11] Case, J., McCloghrie, K., Rose, M., and Waldbusser, S.,
- "Manager-to-Manager Management Information Base", RFC
- 1451, SNMP Research, Inc., Hughes LAN Systems, Dover
- Beach Consulting, Inc., Carnegie Mellon University, April
- 1993.
-
- [12] Galvin, J., and McCloghrie, K., "Administrative Model for
- version 2 of the Simple Network Management Protocol
- (SNMPv2)", RFC 1445, Trusted Information Systems, Hughes
- LAN Systems, April 1993.
-
- [13] Galvin, J., and McCloghrie, K., "Security Protocols for
- version 2 of the Simple Network Management Protocol
- (SNMPv2)", RFC 1446, Trusted Information Systems, Hughes
- LAN Systems, April 1993.
-
- [14] McCloghrie, K., and Galvin, J., "Party MIB for version 2
- of the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMPv2)", RFC
- 1447, Hughes LAN Systems, Trusted Information Systems,
- April 1993.
-
- [15] Case, J., McCloghrie, K., Rose, M., and Waldbusser, S.,
- "Conformance Statements for version 2 of the the Simple
- Network Management Protocol (SNMPv2)", RFC 1444, SNMP
- Research, Inc., Hughes LAN Systems, Dover Beach
- Consulting, Inc., Carnegie Mellon University, April 1993.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Case, McCloghrie, Rose & Waldbusser [Page 12]
-
-
-
-
-
- RFC 1441 Introduction to SNMPv2 April 1993
-
-
- 5. Security Considerations
-
- Security issues are not discussed in this memo.
-
-
- 6. Authors' Addresses
-
- Jeffrey D. Case
- SNMP Research, Inc.
- 3001 Kimberlin Heights Rd.
- Knoxville, TN 37920-9716
- US
-
- Phone: +1 615 573 1434
- Email: case@snmp.com
-
-
- Keith McCloghrie
- Hughes LAN Systems
- 1225 Charleston Road
- Mountain View, CA 94043
- US
-
- Phone: +1 415 966 7934
- Email: kzm@hls.com
-
-
- Marshall T. Rose
- Dover Beach Consulting, Inc.
- 420 Whisman Court
- Mountain View, CA 94043-2186
- US
-
- Phone: +1 415 968 1052
- Email: mrose@dbc.mtview.ca.us
-
- Steven Waldbusser
- Carnegie Mellon University
- 4910 Forbes Ave
- Pittsburgh, PA 15213
- US
-
- Phone: +1 412 268 6628
- Email: waldbusser@cmu.edu
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Case, McCloghrie, Rose & Waldbusser [Page 13]
-
-
-